Karnal district (Hindi: करनाल जिला; Punjabi: ਕਰਨਾਲ ਜ਼ਿਲਾ) is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in northern India. Karnal town is the administrative headquarters of the district. Other major towns in this district are Assandh, Gharaunda, Nilokheri, Indri andJundla. This district is part of Rohtak Division.
Karnal district was one of the districts of Punjab state. It became one of the seven districts of Haryana state at the time of its inception on 1 November 1966. Later Kurukshetra district was separated from it on 23 January 1973, Kaithal district was separated from it on 1 November 1989. Panipat district was merged with it on 24 July 1991 but again separated from this district on 1 January 1992.
The origin of "Karnal" is Karnalaya, which means home of Karna. Karna is the popular character of Mahabharata.
The city of Karnal, said to have been founded by Raja Karna, of the Mahabharta fame, spring into prominence in 1739 when Nadir Shah defeated Muhammad Shah at Karnal. Raja Gopal Singh of Jind seized Karnal in 1863, and the Marhattas established themselves at Karnal in 1785. Skirmishes however, followed between the Marhattas and the Sikhs. In 1795 the Marhattas finally wrested it from Raja Bhag Singh of Jind and made it over to the George Thomas, who took part in the fight. Meanwhile Raja Gurdit Singh of Ladwa obtained possession of Karnal. It was captured by the British in 1805 and made over to Muhamdi Khan (Mandal). Karnal, on being formed into a British cantonment, the fort which had been built by Raja Gajpat singh of Jind, was taken over by the British and converted into a residence for Dost Mohd. Khan Amir of Kabul. The fort was used as a jail,as quarters for native cavalry and as poor house. In 1862, it was made over to the Education Department, when the district school was moved into it from the city.
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